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>>> Writer : ¿î¿µÀÚ > United Nations > GUIDELINES CONCERNING COMPUTERIZED PERSONAL DATA FILES > UNÀÇ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ Àü»êÈ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ > > adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1990 > 1990³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ ÃÑȸ¿¡¼ äÅÃµÊ > > * ¹ø¿ª(ÃÊ) : Àå¿©°æ (Áøº¸³×Æ®¿öÅ©¼¾ÅÍ, À߸øµÈ ¹ø¿ªÀº della@jinbo.netÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¼¼¿ä) > > > The procedures for implementing regulations concerning computerized > personal data files are left to the initiative of each State subject to > the following orientations: > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > A. Principles concerning the minimum guarantees that should be provided in > national legislations > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 1. PRINCIPLE OF LAWFULNESS AND FAIRNESS > ÇÕ¹ý¼º°ú °øÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > Information about persons should not be collected or processed in unfair > or unlawful ways, nor should it be used for ends contrary to the purposes > and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. > °³Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ºÒ°øÁ¤Çϰųª ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýµÇ°Å³ª 󸮵Ǿ > ¾ÈµÇ¸ç À¯¿£ÇåÀåÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ¹ÝÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼µµ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 2. PRINCIPLE OF ACCURACY > Á¤È®¼ºÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > Persons responsible for the compilation of files or those responsible for > keeping them have an obligation to conduct regular checks on the accuracy > and relevance of the data recorded and to ensure that they are kept as > complete as possible in order to avoid errors of omission and that they > are kept up to date regularly or when the information contained in a file > is used, as long as they are being processed. > (°³ÀÎÁ¤º¸) ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÆíÁýÀ» ´ã´çÇϰųª °ü¸®¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±â·ÏµÈ µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ > Á¤È®¼º°ú Ÿ´ç¼ºÀ» Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡°ËÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´©¶ô(ºÎÀÛÀ§) ¿¡·¯¸¦ > ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡´ÉÇÑÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô º¸Á¸ÇÏ°í, ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Ã³¸®µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ > Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÈÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ > ÀÖ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 3. PRINCIPLE OF THE PURPOSE-SPECIFICATION > ¸ñÀû¸í½ÃÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > The purpose which a file is to serve and its utilization in terms of that > purpose should be specified, legitimate and, > > when it is established, > receive a certain amount of publicity or be brought to the attention of > the person concerned, in order to make it possible subsequently to ensure > that: > (°³ÀÎÁ¤º¸) ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ¸ñÀû°ú ±× ¸ñÀûÇÏÀÇ ¿ëµµ´Â ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í > ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̾î¾ß Çϸç ÀÌ·± ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â µ¿¾È ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¤µµ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ» > ¼ö·ÅÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Á®¾ß Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î > ¾Æ·¡¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. > > (a) All the personal data collected and recorded remain relevant and > adequate to the purposes so specified; > ¼öÁýµÇ°í ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ¸ðµç °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸´Â ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ°í ÃæÁ·µÈ »óÅ·Π> À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. > > (b) None of the said personal data is used or disclosed, except with the > consent of the person concerned, for purposes incompatible with those > specified; > À§ÀÇ ¾î¶² °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸µµ, ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀû¿¡ °Å½º¸£´Â ¿ëµµ·Î, ´ç»çÀÚÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ > À¯ÃâµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. > > (c) The period for which the personal data are kept does not exceed that > which would enable the achievement of the purpose so specified. > °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸ÀÇ º¸°ü ±â°£Àº ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â°£À» ÃÊ°úÇÏÁö > ¾Ê´Â´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 4. PRINCIPLE OF INTERESTED-PERSON ACCESS > ÀÌÇØ´ç»çÀÚ Á¢±ÙÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > Everyone who offers proof of identity has the right to know whether > information concerning him is being processed and to obtain it in an > intelligible form, without undue delay or expense, and to have appropriate > rectifications or erasures made in the case of unlawful, unnecessary or > inaccurate entries and, when it is being communicated, addressees. > Provision should be made for a remedy, if need be with the supervisory > authority specified in principle 8 below. The cost of any rectification > shall be borne by the person responsible for the file. It is desirable > that the provisions of this principle should apply to everyone, > irrespective of nationality or place of residence. > ½ÅºÐÀÌ Áõ¸íµÈ ´©±¸¶óµµ Áö³ªÄ£ Áöü³ª ºñ¿ë ÁöºÒ ¾øÀÌ ÀڽŰú °ü°èÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸°¡ > ¾î¶»°Ô 󸮵ǴÂÁö ¾Ë°í ÀÌÇØ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦°ø¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, > ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̰ųª ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϰųª ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ ÀԷ°ú (Åë½Å) ¼ö½ÅÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì > ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¼öÁ¤Çϰųª »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ Á¦8¿øÄ¢¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ °¨µ¶ > ±â°üÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ±¸Á¦Á¶Ç×ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁ¤ ºñ¿ëÀº ÆÄÀÏ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ°¡ > ¹°¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 5. PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION > Â÷º°±ÝÁöÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > Subject to cases of exceptions restrictively envisaged under principle 6, > data likely to give rise to unlawful or arbitrary discrimination, > including information on racial or ethnic origin, colour, sex life, > political opinions, religious, philosophical and other beliefs as well as > membership of an association or trade union, should not be compiled. > Á¦6¿øÄ¢¿¡¼ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¿¹¿ÜÀû °æ¿ì¸¦ °¨¾ÈÇÏ°í, ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÌ°í ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ > Â÷º°À» À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ - ´Üü/³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ °¡ÀÔ »çÇ× »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÎÁ¾Àû, > ¹ÎÁ·Àû Ãâ½Å, ÇǺλö, ¼º»ýÈ°, Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÇ°ß, Á¾±³, öÇÐÀû ȤÀº ±âŸÀÇ ½Å³ä¿¡ > ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ¼öÁýµÇ¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 6. POWER TO MAKE EXCEPTIONS > ¿¹¿ÜºÎ¿©±Ç > > Departures from principles 1 to 4 may be authorized only if they are > necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or > morality, as well as, inter alia, the rights and freedoms of others, > especially persons being persecuted (humanitarian clause) provided that > such departures are expressly specified in a law or equivalent regulation > promulgated in accordance with the internal legal system which expressly > states their limits and sets forth appropriate safeguards. > Á¦1¿øÄ¢¿¡¼ºÎÅÍ Á¦4¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÅ»Àº ±¹°¡ ¾Èº¸, °ø°ø Áú¼, °øÁß º¸°Ç°ú > µµ´ö, ƯÈ÷ ŸÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁöÅ°±â À§ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ > Çдë¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì (ÀεµÁÖÀÇÀû Á¶Ç׿¡ µû¶ó) (¹ý·üÀû) ÇѰ踦 ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í > ÀûÀýÇÑ º¸È£Á¶Ç×À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±¹³»¹ýÁ¦µµ¿Í Á¶ÀÀÇÏ´Â °øÆ÷ ¹ý·üÀ̳ª > ±×¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ±ÔÁ¦ Á¦µµ¿¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸í½ÃµÈ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ´Â´Ù. > > Exceptions to principle 5 relating to the prohibition of discrimination, > in addition to being subject to the same safeguards as those prescribed > for exceptions to principles 1 and 4, may be authorized only within the > limits prescribed by the International Bill of Human Rights and the other > relevant instruments in the field of protection of human rights and the > prevention of discrimination. > Â÷º°±ÝÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦5¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü´Â, Á¦1¿øÄ¢°ú Á¦4¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü¿¡ > Àû½ÃµÈ º¸È£Á¶Ç׿¡ ´õÇØ, ÀαǺ¸È£¿Í Â÷º°±ÝÁö¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ±¹Á¦±Ç¸®ÀåÀü°ú ±âŸ > °ü·Ã ¼ö´Ü¿¡ Àû½ÃµÈ ÇÑ°è ÇÏ¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 7. PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY > º¸¾ÈÀÇ ¿øÄ¢ > > Appropriate measures should be taken to protect the files against both > natural dangers, such as accidental loss or destruction and human dangers, > such as unauthorized access, fraudulent misuse of data or contamination by > computer viruses. > »ç°í³ª Æı«¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç°ú °°Àº õÀçÁöº¯À̳ª ºÎ´çÇÑ Á¢±Ù, µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ > ÀÌ¿ë, ÄÄÇ»Å͹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°°ú °°Àº ÀÎÀç·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ > ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ ÃëÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 8. SUPERVISION AND SANCTIONS > °¨µ¶°ú Á¦ÀçÁ¶Ä¡ > > The law of every country shall designate the authority which, in > accordance with its domestic legal system, is to be responsible for > supervising observance of the principles set forth above. This authority > shall offer guarantees of impartiality, independence vis-a-vis persons or > agencies responsible for processing and establishing data, and technical > competence. In the event of violation of the provisions of the national > law implementing the aforementioned principles, criminal or other > penalties should be envisaged together with the appropriate individual > remedies. > ¸ðµç ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ýÀº À§¿¡¼ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ Áؼö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °¨µ¶ÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓ ±â±¸¸¦, > ±¹³» ¹ýüÁ¦¿¡ ¹«¸®¾øÀÌ, ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â±¸´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ°í > ÀÛ¼ºÇϴ åÀÓÀÚ³ª Ã¥ÀÓºÎó, ±×¸®°í ±â¼úÀû ´É·Â ¸é¿¡¼ °øÆò¼º°ú µ¶¸³¼ºÀ» > º¸ÀåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Àü¼úÇÑ ¿øÄ¢À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ±¹³»¹ý Á¶Ç×ÀÇ Ä§ÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â, > ÀûÀýÇÑ °³ÀÎÀû ±¸Á¦ ÀýÂ÷¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çü»çó¹ú ȤÀº ±âŸ ¹úÄ¢ÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß > ÇÑ´Ù. > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 9. TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS > µ¥ÀÌŸ È帧ÀÇ Ãʱ¹°æ¼º > > When the legislation of two or more countries concerned by a transborder > data flow offers comparable safeguards for the protection of privacy, > information should be able to circulate as freely as inside each of the > territories concerned. If there are no reciprocal safeguards, limitations > on such circulation may not be imposed unduly and only in so far as the > protection of privacy demands. > ±¹°æÀ» ³Ñ³ªµå´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¹ý·üÀÌ ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã¸¦ > º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ À¯»ç º¸È£Á¶Ç×À» Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¶§, Á¤º¸´Â °ü·Ã±¹ ¿µÅäÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼¸¸Å > ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È带 ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »óÈ£ º¸È£Á¶Ç×ÀÌ ¾øÀ»¶§´Â > ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ È帧ÀÌ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô Á¦ÇѵǾ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > 10. FIELD OF APPLICATION > Àû¿ë ¿µ¿ª > > The present principles should be made applicable, in the first instance, > to all public and private computerized files as well as, by means of > optional extension and subject to appropriate adjustments, to manual > files. Special provision, also optional, might be made to extend all or > part of the principles to files on legal persons particularly when they > contain some information on individuals. > Á¦½ÃµÈ ¿øÄ¢Àº ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÀû È®Àå°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Á¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© > ¼ö±â ÆÄÀÏ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àü»êó¸®µÈ ¸ðµç °øÀû, »çÀû ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > B. Application of the guidelines to personal data files kept by > governmental international organizations > > The present guidelines should apply to personal data files kept by > governmental international organizations, subject to any adjustments > required to take account of any differences that might exist between files > for internal purposes such as those that concern personnel management and > files for external purposes concerning third parties having relations with > the organization. > > Each organization should designate the authority statutorily competent to > supervise the observance of these guidelines. > > Humanitarian clause: a derogation from these principles may be > specifically provided for when the purpose of the file is the protection > of human rights and fundamental freedoms of the individual concerned or > humanitarian assistance. > > A similar derogation should be provided in national legislation for > governmental international organizations whose headquarters agreement does > not preclude the implementation of the said national legislation as well > as for non-governmental international organizations to which this law is > applicable. > > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > For further details: MARKT-A4@cec.eu.int >
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