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Á¦¸ñ: [±¹Á¦] UNÀÇ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ Àü»êÈ­ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ (¹ø¿ª/¿ø¹®)

United Nations
GUIDELINES CONCERNING COMPUTERIZED PERSONAL DATA FILES
UNÀÇ °³ÀÎÁ¤º¸ Àü»êÈ­ °¡À̵å¶óÀÎ

adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 1990
1990³â 12¿ù 14ÀÏ ÃÑȸ¿¡¼­ äÅõÊ

* ¹ø¿ª(ÃÊ) : Àå¿©°æ (Áøº¸³×Æ®¿öÅ©¼¾ÅÍ, À߸øµÈ ¹ø¿ªÀº della@jinbo.netÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ¼¼¿ä)


The procedures for implementing regulations concerning computerized
personal data files are left to the initiative of each State subject to
the following orientations:


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A. Principles concerning the minimum guarantees that should be provided in
national legislations

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1. PRINCIPLE OF LAWFULNESS AND FAIRNESS
ÇÕ¹ý¼º°ú °øÁ¤¼ºÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

Information about persons should not be collected or processed in unfair
or unlawful ways, nor should it be used for ends contrary to the purposes
and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
°³Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ºÒ°øÁ¤Çϰųª ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¼öÁýµÇ°Å³ª 󸮵Ǿ´Â
¾ÈµÇ¸ç À¯¿£ÇåÀåÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ̳ª ¿øÄ¢¿¡ ¹ÝÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼­µµ ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.

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2. PRINCIPLE OF ACCURACY
Á¤È®¼ºÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

Persons responsible for the compilation of files or those responsible for
keeping them have an obligation to conduct regular checks on the accuracy
and relevance of the data recorded and to ensure that they are kept as
complete as possible in order to avoid errors of omission and that they
are kept up to date regularly or when the information contained in a file
is used, as long as they are being processed.
(°³ÀÎÁ¤º¸) ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÆíÁýÀ» ´ã´çÇϰųª °ü¸®¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö´Â »ç¶÷Àº ±â·ÏµÈ µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ
Á¤È®¼º°ú Ÿ´ç¼ºÀ» Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡°ËÇÒ Àǹ«°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´©¶ô(ºÎÀÛÀ§) ¿¡·¯¸¦
ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡´ÉÇÑÇÑ Á¤È®ÇÏ°Ô º¸Á¸ÇÏ°í, ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Ã³¸®µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ
Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î³ª ÆÄÀÏ ¾ÈÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ Àǹ«°¡
ÀÖ´Ù.

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3. PRINCIPLE OF THE PURPOSE-SPECIFICATION
¸ñÀû¸í½ÃÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

The purpose which a file is to serve and its utilization in terms of that
purpose should be specified, legitimate and,

when it is established,
receive a certain amount of publicity or be brought to the attention of
the person concerned, in order to make it possible subsequently to ensure
that:
(°³ÀÎÁ¤º¸) ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¦°øµÇ´Â ¸ñÀû°ú ±× ¸ñÀûÇÏÀÇ ¿ëµµ´Â ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í
ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ̾î¾ß Çϸç ÀÌ·± ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ´Â µ¿¾È ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ Á¤µµ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀ»
¼ö·ÅÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Á®¾ß Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â °á·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î
¾Æ·¡¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù.

(a) All the personal data collected and recorded remain relevant and
adequate to the purposes so specified;
¼öÁýµÇ°í ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ¸ðµç °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸´Â ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÏ°í ÃæÁ·µÈ »óÅ·Î
À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

(b) None of the said personal data is used or disclosed, except with the
consent of the person concerned, for purposes incompatible with those
specified;
À§ÀÇ ¾î¶² °³ÀÎ Á¤º¸µµ, ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀû¿¡ °Å½º¸£´Â ¿ëµµ·Î, ´ç»çÀÚÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ
À¯ÃâµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.

(c) The period for which the personal data are kept does not exceed that
which would enable the achievement of the purpose so specified.
°³ÀÎ Á¤º¸ÀÇ º¸°ü ±â°£Àº ¸í½ÃµÈ ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±â°£À» ÃÊ°úÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.

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4. PRINCIPLE OF INTERESTED-PERSON ACCESS
ÀÌÇØ´ç»çÀÚ Á¢±ÙÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

Everyone who offers proof of identity has the right to know whether
information concerning him is being processed and to obtain it in an
intelligible form, without undue delay or expense, and to have appropriate
rectifications or erasures made in the case of unlawful, unnecessary or
inaccurate entries and, when it is being communicated, addressees.
Provision should be made for a remedy, if need be with the supervisory
authority specified in principle 8 below. The cost of any rectification
shall be borne by the person responsible for the file. It is desirable
that the provisions of this principle should apply to everyone,
irrespective of nationality or place of residence.
½ÅºÐÀÌ Áõ¸íµÈ ´©±¸¶óµµ Áö³ªÄ£ Áöü³ª ºñ¿ë ÁöºÒ ¾øÀÌ ÀڽŰú °ü°èÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸°¡
¾î¶»°Ô 󸮵ǴÂÁö ¾Ë°í ÀÌÇØ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦°ø¹ÞÀ» ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç,
ºÒ¹ýÀûÀ̰ųª ºÒÇÊ¿äÇϰųª ºÎÁ¤È®ÇÑ ÀԷ°ú (Åë½Å) ¼ö½ÅÀÚ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì
ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ¼öÁ¤Çϰųª »èÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ Á¦8¿øÄ¢¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ °¨µ¶
±â°üÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¸é ±¸Á¦Á¶Ç×ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¼öÁ¤ ºñ¿ëÀº ÆÄÀÏ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ°¡
¹°¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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5. PRINCIPLE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION
Â÷º°±ÝÁöÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

Subject to cases of exceptions restrictively envisaged under principle 6,
data likely to give rise to unlawful or arbitrary discrimination,
including information on racial or ethnic origin, colour, sex life,
political opinions, religious, philosophical and other beliefs as well as
membership of an association or trade union, should not be compiled.
Á¦6¿øÄ¢¿¡¼­ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¿¹¿ÜÀû °æ¿ì¸¦ °¨¾ÈÇÏ°í, ºÒ¹ýÀûÀÌ°í ÀÓÀÇÀûÀÎ
Â÷º°À» À¯¹ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ - ´Üü/³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ °¡ÀÔ »çÇ× »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÎÁ¾Àû,
¹ÎÁ·Àû Ãâ½Å, ÇǺλö, ¼º»ýÈ°, Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÇ°ß, Á¾±³, öÇÐÀû ȤÀº ±âŸÀÇ ½Å³ä¿¡
´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â ¼öÁýµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.

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6. POWER TO MAKE EXCEPTIONS
¿¹¿ÜºÎ¿©±Ç

Departures from principles 1 to 4 may be authorized only if they are
necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or
morality, as well as, inter alia, the rights and freedoms of others,
especially persons being persecuted (humanitarian clause) provided that
such departures are expressly specified in a law or equivalent regulation
promulgated in accordance with the internal legal system which expressly
states their limits and sets forth appropriate safeguards.
Á¦1¿øÄ¢¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Á¦4¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÅ»Àº ±¹°¡ ¾Èº¸, °ø°ø Áú¼­, °øÁß º¸°Ç°ú
µµ´ö, ƯÈ÷ ŸÀÎÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ÁöÅ°±â À§ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ ÀÎÁ¤µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷
Çдë¹Þ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì (ÀεµÁÖÀÇÀû Á¶Ç׿¡ µû¶ó) (¹ý·üÀû) ÇѰ踦 ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í
ÀûÀýÇÑ º¸È£Á¶Ç×À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±¹³»¹ýÁ¦µµ¿Í Á¶ÀÀÇÏ´Â °øÆ÷ ¹ý·üÀ̳ª
±×¿¡ »óÀÀÇÏ´Â ±ÔÁ¦ Á¦µµ¿¡ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ¸í½ÃµÈ ¿¹¿Ü¸¦ ÀÎÁ¤¹Þ´Â´Ù.

Exceptions to principle 5 relating to the prohibition of discrimination,
in addition to being subject to the same safeguards as those prescribed
for exceptions to principles 1 and 4, may be authorized only within the
limits prescribed by the International Bill of Human Rights and the other
relevant instruments in the field of protection of human rights and the
prevention of discrimination.
Â÷º°±ÝÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦5¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü´Â, Á¦1¿øÄ¢°ú Á¦4¿øÄ¢¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü¿¡
Àû½ÃµÈ º¸È£Á¶Ç׿¡ ´õÇØ, ÀαǺ¸È£¿Í Â÷º°±ÝÁö¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ±¹Á¦±Ç¸®ÀåÀü°ú ±âŸ
°ü·Ã ¼ö´Ü¿¡ Àû½ÃµÈ ÇÑ°è ÇÏ¿¡¼­¸¸ ÀÎÁ¤¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

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7. PRINCIPLE OF SECURITY
º¸¾ÈÀÇ ¿øÄ¢

Appropriate measures should be taken to protect the files against both
natural dangers, such as accidental loss or destruction and human dangers,
such as unauthorized access, fraudulent misuse of data or contamination by
computer viruses.
»ç°í³ª Æı«¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Õ½Ç°ú °°Àº õÀçÁöº¯À̳ª ºÎ´çÇÑ Á¢±Ù, µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ºÎÁ¤ÇÑ
ÀÌ¿ë, ÄÄÇ»Å͹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °¨¿°°ú °°Àº ÀÎÀç·ÎºÎÅÍ ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇØ
ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ ÃëÇØÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

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8. SUPERVISION AND SANCTIONS
°¨µ¶°ú Á¦ÀçÁ¶Ä¡

The law of every country shall designate the authority which, in
accordance with its domestic legal system, is to be responsible for
supervising observance of the principles set forth above. This authority
shall offer guarantees of impartiality, independence vis-a-vis persons or
agencies responsible for processing and establishing data, and technical
competence. In the event of violation of the provisions of the national
law implementing the aforementioned principles, criminal or other
penalties should be envisaged together with the appropriate individual
remedies.
¸ðµç ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ýÀº À§¿¡¼­ Á¦½ÃµÈ ¿øÄ¢ÀÇ Áؼö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °¨µ¶ÇÒ Ã¥ÀÓ ±â±¸¸¦,
±¹³» ¹ýüÁ¦¿¡ ¹«¸®¾øÀÌ, ÁöÁ¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â±¸´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ°í
ÀÛ¼ºÇϴ åÀÓÀÚ³ª Ã¥ÀÓºÎó, ±×¸®°í ±â¼úÀû ´É·Â ¸é¿¡¼­ °øÆò¼º°ú µ¶¸³¼ºÀ»
º¸ÀåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Àü¼úÇÑ ¿øÄ¢À» ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ±¹³»¹ý Á¶Ç×ÀÇ Ä§ÇØ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â,
ÀûÀýÇÑ °³ÀÎÀû ±¸Á¦ ÀýÂ÷¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ Çü»çó¹ú ȤÀº ±âŸ ¹úÄ¢ÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.

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9. TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS
µ¥ÀÌŸ È帧ÀÇ Ãʱ¹°æ¼º

When the legislation of two or more countries concerned by a transborder
data flow offers comparable safeguards for the protection of privacy,
information should be able to circulate as freely as inside each of the
territories concerned. If there are no reciprocal safeguards, limitations
on such circulation may not be imposed unduly and only in so far as the
protection of privacy demands.
±¹°æÀ» ³Ñ³ªµå´Â µ¥ÀÌŸ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ ¹ý·üÀÌ ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã¸¦
º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ À¯»ç º¸È£Á¶Ç×À» Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¶§, Á¤º¸´Â °ü·Ã±¹ ¿µÅäÀÇ ¾È¿¡¼­¸¸Å­
ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È带 ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »óÈ£ º¸È£Á¶Ç×ÀÌ ¾øÀ»¶§´Â
ÇÁ¶óÀ̹ö½Ã°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ È帧ÀÌ ºÎ´çÇÏ°Ô Á¦ÇѵǾ´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.


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10. FIELD OF APPLICATION
Àû¿ë ¿µ¿ª

The present principles should be made applicable, in the first instance,
to all public and private computerized files as well as, by means of
optional extension and subject to appropriate adjustments, to manual
files. Special provision, also optional, might be made to extend all or
part of the principles to files on legal persons particularly when they
contain some information on individuals.
Á¦½ÃµÈ ¿øÄ¢Àº ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÀû È®Àå°ú ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Á¤¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©
¼ö±â ÆÄÀÏ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àü»êó¸®µÈ ¸ðµç °øÀû, »çÀû ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.


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B. Application of the guidelines to personal data files kept by
governmental international organizations

The present guidelines should apply to personal data files kept by
governmental international organizations, subject to any adjustments
required to take account of any differences that might exist between files
for internal purposes such as those that concern personnel management and
files for external purposes concerning third parties having relations with
the organization.

Each organization should designate the authority statutorily competent to
supervise the observance of these guidelines.

Humanitarian clause: a derogation from these principles may be
specifically provided for when the purpose of the file is the protection
of human rights and fundamental freedoms of the individual concerned or
humanitarian assistance.

A similar derogation should be provided in national legislation for
governmental international organizations whose headquarters agreement does
not preclude the implementation of the said national legislation as well
as for non-governmental international organizations to which this law is
applicable.



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